Biotechnology and Genetic Engineering Practice Test

The use of adenoviruses and retroviruses for gene delivery in gene therapy stems from their unique capabilities in effectively introducing foreign genetic material into host cells. Adenoviruses are advantageous due to their ability to infect both dividing and non-dividing cells, making them versatile tools for a wide range of tissues. They can accommodate large genetic payloads, which is significant for a variety of gene therapy applications.

Retroviruses, on the other hand, integrate their genetic material into the host genome, providing a stable and long-lasting effect by ensuring that the introduced gene is replicated with the host's DNA during cell division. This feature is particularly beneficial for therapies aimed at treating genetic disorders that require sustained expression of the therapeutic gene.

The other virus types mentioned—such as HIV and lentivirus—are indeed used in gene therapy but fall under the retrovirus category. Bacteriophages primarily target bacteria and are not applicable for mammalian gene therapy, while orthomyxoviruses, like the flu virus, are not typically employed for gene delivery due to safety and efficiency concerns. Herpesviruses and parvoviruses have some application in gene therapy but are not as commonly used as adenoviruses and retroviruses due to their complex characteristics and limitations